Evaluation of the relationship between speckle tracking echocardiography and arrhythmia markers Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QTc in patients with arterial hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: The prolongation of the Tp-e interval, which is defined as the interval from the peak to the end of the T wave on electrocardiography (ECG), is considered a non-invasive predictor of malignant ventricular arrhythmia development. In our study, we aimed to compare the Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QTc ratios on ECG and subclinical myocardial dysfunction evaluated by left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) imaging in patients receiving treatment for hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography was performed in 102 consecutive hypertensive patients with blood pressure values regulated by treatment. The normal left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) limit was accepted as < -18%. The patients were divided into two groups: those with normal (≥ -18%) LV-GLS and those with impaired LV-GLS (< -18%). Comparisons between the groups were made by measuring ventricular repolarization parameters, such as QT, QTc, and Tp-e intervals, and Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios. RESULTS: While the mean age of the patients with impaired LV-GLS was 55±6 years, the mean age of the normal LV-GLS group was 58±9 years (p=0.101). The Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc ratios were significantly higher in the impaired LV-GLS group than in the normal LV-GLS group (p<0.05 for all). A positive correlation was observed between the ventricular repolarization parameters and LV-GLS values. This positive correlation was statistically significant in terms of the Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc ratios. CONCLUSIONS: The Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc ratios were increased in hypertensive patients with impaired LV-GLS, and therefore a close follow-up in terms of increased arrhythmia risk is required in this patient group.

Concordance between a Mohs surgeon and a dermatopathologist in evaluating Mohs cryosections.

BACKGROUND: Mohs micrographic surgery is the gold standard treatment for high-risk non-melanoma skin cancers. The success of Mohs relies on accurate histopathologic evaluation. Due to law restrictions in some European countries, Mohs surgeons are not permitted to report on histopathology; therefore, a pathologist evaluates the frozen sections. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively assess the concordance between the certified Mohs surgeon and the pathologist in evaluating the Mohs slides that were intraoperatively evaluated by the pathologist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Frozen section slides of a total of 237 Mohs cases between 2013 and 2020 were examined by the blinded Mohs surgeon, and the tumours were marked on copy maps. The copy maps and the original maps were compared, and the non-concordant cases were re-evaluated together by the Mohs surgeon and the dermatopathologist. The concordance rate was calculated, and the inter-rater agreement was statistically analysed using Cohen's Kappa coefficient. RESULTS: We report a high concordance rate (97.9%) and inter-rater agreement (0.96) between Mohs surgeon and dermatopathologist in evaluating Mohs slides. CONCLUSION: As a newly settled centre, our results are in alignment with experienced centres where the Mohs surgeon evaluates the slides herself and performs the surgery.

Predictive value of fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio in acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the predictive value of the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) regarding the development of major cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: This was a prospective, observational cohort study that included 261 consecutive patients who were treated with PCI. The patients were grouped according to the occurrence of MACE during the follow-up period. RESULTS: During follow-up, MACE occurred in 68 (26%) patients. The FAR was independently predictive of MACE (HR: 1.017, 95% CI: 1.010-1.024, p < 0.001). In addition, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and a diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were independent predictors of MACE. The area under the curve (AUC) of the multivariable model, including LVEF and diagnosis of STEMI, was 0.707 (95% CI: 0.631-0.782, p < 0.001). When the FAR was added to the multivariable model, the AUC was 0.770 (95% CI: 0.702-0.838, z = 2.820, difference p = 0.0048). CONCLUSION: The FAR could be used for the prediction of MACE in patients with ACS who have undergone PCI.

The effect of bilirubin on long-term mortality in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion.

AIM: We intended to investigate the association of bilirubin with total mortality in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO). METHODS: We included 172 patients who underwent coronary angiography due to stable angina pectoris and had CTO. We checked the viability of patients after 9 years of follow-up. RESULTS: Direct bilirubin levels were significantly lower in the non-viable group. We revealed age (OR = 1.045, 95% C.I: 1.009‒1.083; p = 0.015) and direct bilirubin concentrations (OR = 0.029, 95% C.I: 0.002‒0.435; p = 0.029) as independent predictors of mortality. Direct bilirubin value of > 0.2 mg/dL was associated with decreased mortality with a sensitivity of 85 %, and a specificity of 46 %. CONCLUSION: Serum direct bilirubin concentrations independently predict total mortality in patients with chronic total occlusion over 9 years of follow-up (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 23).

The diagnostic value of the serum irisin level in patients with acute pericarditis and acute myopericarditis.

OBJECTIVE: This preliminary study aims to examine a change in the blood levels of irisin in patients with acute pericarditis (AP) and acute myopericarditis (AMP) and examine the diagnostic value of the serum irisin level in AP and AMP. METHODS: 10 patients, who applied to the emergency service and cardiology clinic with chest pain and who were diagnosed with AP and 5 patients, who were diagnosed with AMP as a result of routine examinations, were included in the study. The basal laboratory parameters, echocardiography findings and serum irisin levels of the patients and during check one month later were examined. RESULTS: While the basal irisin levels were found to be significantly low in the AMP group and high during the check (6.6 ± 1.58, 8.19 ± 1.43, respectively), no statistically significant difference was determined (p = 0.23). It was observed that the basal and control irisin levels did not vary significantly in the AP group (8.03 ± 1.6, 8.19 ± 1.43, respectively) (p = 0.84). CONCLUSION: In this preliminary study, the basal irisin levels were found to be significantly low in the AMP group, while there was no statistically significant difference between the basal irisin levels and control irisin levels in the AP and AMP groups (Tab. 5, Ref. 17).

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: a single centre's 11-year experience.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to present the clinical features and surgical outcomes of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma patients who were surgically treated. METHODS: The medical records of 48 male patients histologically confirmed as having juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, who underwent transnasal endoscopic surgery between 2005 and 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The overall recurrence rate was 20.8 per cent; however, the recurrence rate differed significantly between patients diagnosed aged less than 14 years (34.7 per cent) and more than 14 years (8 per cent) (p < 0.05). Advanced-stage tumours (Radkowski stage of IIC or more, and Önerci stage of III or more) were more aggressive than earlier stage tumours (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Pre-operative embolisation significantly prolonged mean hospitalisation duration, but had no effect on intra-operative blood loss in patients with advanced-stage tumours (p < 0.001 and p = 0.09, respectively). CONCLUSION: The findings show that transnasal endoscopic surgery could be considered the treatment of choice for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Patients diagnosed when aged less than 14 years and those with advanced-stage tumours are at risk of recurrence, and should be monitored with extreme care.

Internet use patterns and Internet addiction in children and adolescents with obesity.

BACKGROUND: There are no data regarding the Internet addiction (IA) rates and patterns in youth with obesity. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the prevalence and patterns of IA in children and adolescents with obesity. The relationship between IA and body mass index (BMI) was also investigated. METHODS: Study includes 437 children and adolescents with age ranging from 8 to 17 years: 268 with obesity and 169 with healthy controls. The Internet addiction scale (IAS) form was administered to all participants. The obesity group also completed a personal information form including Internet usage habits and goals. Linear regression analysis was utilized to assess the contributions of Internet use habits and goals to BMI in the obesity group and IAS scores to BMI in both groups. RESULTS: A total of 24.6% of the obese children and adolescents were diagnosed with IA according to IAS, while 11.2% of healthy peers had IA (p < 0.05). The mean IAS scores for the obesity group and the control group were 53.71 ± 25.04 and 43.42 ± 17.36, respectively (p < 0.05). The IAS scores (t = 3.105) and spending time more than 21 h week-1 on the Internet (t = 3.262) were significantly associated with increased BMI in the obesity group (p < 0.05). Other Internet habits and goals were not associated with BMI (p > 0.05). The IAS scores (t = 8.719) were also found to be associated with increased BMI in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that obese children and adolescents were found to have higher IA rates than their healthy peers, and the results indicate an association between IA and BMI.

The comparison of the quality of life and intranasal edema between the patients with or without nasal packing after septoplasty.

Septoplasty is one of the most common operations performed in otolaryngology and anterior nasal packing is done routinely to prevent postoperative bleeding, septal hematoma or nasal synechia. Currently, transseptal sutures have gained a broader application area, not only for preventing the complications such as septal hematoma and bleeding but also closing any accidental tears of septal mucosa and providing additional support for the cartilage pieces retained in septoplasty. We evaluated the quality of life of the patients in early postoperative period (in the first postoperative week), intranasal edema with endoscopic examination and the intranasal changes with acoustic rhinometry. We performed a prospective and randomized study with patients undergoing septoplasty without inferior turbinectomy. As packing material, there were two groups: in group A, gauze in a glove finger and in group B, Doyle splint were used, and in the additional group C, only transseptal suture with 4/0 vicryl among the cartilaginous septum was performed. The patients were invited to control examinations on the postoperative 2nd, 4th and 7th days to evaluate the scores from 1 to 5 on the questionnaire for the pain, nasal fullness, sneezing, epiphora, difficulty in swallowing and sleep disturbances. The patients were also administered an endoscopic nasal examination for the purpose of detecting the intranasal edema, and acoustic rhinometry was performed during the control examinations to detect the intranasal changes. Total occluding packing was found to cause much more frequent and higher scores of epiphora, sneezing, difficulty in swallowing, but mainly, the pain compared to in silicone packing with airway and transseptal suture only. Although the silicone packing with airway was found to be much more comfortable, it also led to sneezing and epiphora. The patients without nasal packing had more comfortable period especially in the early postoperative days (the first 4 days). However, 1 week after surgery, groups with and without nasal packing were found to be equalized on behalf of the objective and subjective parameters. As any complication was not observed due to not using nasal packing, it is thought that nasal packing usage following septoplasty is not a necessity.

Evaluation of antifungal efficacy of QMix 2in1 as a final irrigant: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: It is known that no specific antifungal agent exists at present for irrigation of infected root canals. QMix 2in1 was investigated to determine whether they could be an alternative for sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the antifungal efficacy of QMix 2in1, 5.25% NaOCl, 2% CHX, and 17% EDTA as a final rinse against Candida albicans (C. albicans). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were randomly divided into four experimental (n = 20) and two control (n = 5) groups. All root canals were instrumented with Mtwo rotary file system using crown-down technique to an apical size 40. Following root canal preparation, teeth were inoculated with C. albicans and incubated for 72 h. Teeth were irrigated with one of the following solutions as a final irrigant: (1) 5.25% NaOCl, (2) 2% CHX, (3) QMix 2in1, and (4) 17% EDTA. Aliquots from the samples were plated on 4% Sabouraud Agar, and colony-forming units were counted. RESULTS: QMix 2in1, 5.25% NaOCl, and 2% CHX were equally effective (P > 0.05) and significantly superior to 17% EDTA in eradicating C. albicans (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: QMix 2in1 proved to be effective against C. albicans when used as a final rinse. According to the findings of the present study, QMix 2in1 may be recommended as an alternative final rinse solution.

Rhinoscintigraphic analysis of nasal mucociliary function in patients with Bell's palsy.

OBJECTIVE: Mucociliary transport (MCT) is an important defense mechanism of the respiratory tract. One of the major factors determining MCT is the ciliary activity of the respiratory epithelium. Rhinoscintigraphy is the most commonly used method for the analysis of mucociliary activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of facial paralysis on the nasal mucociliary clearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 38 Bell's palsy patients as the study group and 10 subjects without any history of paranasal sinus disease or facial paralysis as the control group. A drop of technetium 99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m MAA) was placed posterior to the head of the inferior turbinate and followed with a gamma camera. MCT rate was measured as the velocity of Tc-99m MAA drop. RESULTS: The mean MCT rate was 4.27 ± 0.76 millimeters per minute (mm/min) on 20 sides of 10 healthy controls, 4.11 ± 2.91 mm/min on the affected sides of the patients with Bell's palsy, and 6.03 ± 3.13 mm/min on the nonparalyzed sides of the patients. MCT rate was statistically significantly faster in the nonparalyzed side when compared to the paralyzed side in Bell's palsy patients (P = 0.001). MCT rates were not significantly different in the control group and paralyzed sides of the Bell's palsy patients (P = 0.810). The MCT rate was statistically significantly faster in the nonparalyzed sides of Bell's palsy patients when compared to the controls (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: This study showed a faster MCT rate on the nonparalyzed side in Bell's palsy patients when compared to the paralyzed side and the control subjects. A compensatory mechanism could be the underlying reason for faster MCT on the nonparalyzed side. Further studies on larger patient groups are needed to investigate the effect of facial paralysis on the MCT and changes of facial nerve function on the opposite, nonparalyzed side of the face.

Manubrio-stapedioplasty: new surgical technique for malleus and incus fixation due to tympanosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: This paper reports the authors' technique of manubrio-stapedioplasty using glass ionomer cement for malleus and incus fixation due to tympanosclerosis. METHODS: A retrospective case review was conducted of five patients with conductive hearing loss (mean pre-operative air-bone gap of 42.75 dB) treated in a tertiary referral centre. The hearing results of a manubrio-stapedial bone cement ossiculoplasty technique, utilised on the five patients, were analysed. All cases were Wielinga and Kerr tympanosclerosis classification type 2 (attic fixation of the malleus-incus complex with a mobile stapes). The incus and head of the malleus were removed in all patients, and the manubrium was directly connected to the head of the mobile stapes using glass ionomer cement. Patients were evaluated in terms of pre- and post-operative audiometric results; hearing gain and post-operative air-bone gap were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: Mean post-operative air-bone gap was 5.25 dB. Four patients had an air-bone gap of less than 10 dB; the remaining patient had an air-bone of 12.50 dB. CONCLUSION: Manubrio-stapedioplasty is an effective method for ossicular reconstruction in cases of malleus and incus fixation due to tympanosclerosis.

Predictors for limb loss among patient with diabetic foot infections: an observational retrospective multicentric study in Turkey.

We aimed to investigate the predictors for limb loss among patients with diabetes who have complicated skin/soft-tissue infections. In this observational study, consecutive patients with diabetic foot infection (DFI) from 17 centres in Turkey, between May 2011 and May 2013 were included. The Turkish DFI Working Group performed the study. Predictors of limb loss were investigated by multivariate analysis. In total, 455 patients with DFI were included. Median age was 61 years, 68% were male, 65% of the patients were hospitalized, 52% of the patients had used antibiotics within the last month, and 121 (27%) had osteomyelitis. Of the 208 microorganisms isolated, 92 (44.2%) were Gram-positive cocci and 114 (54.8%) were Gram-negative rods (GNR). The most common GNR was Pseudomonas; the second was Escherichia coli, with extended spectrum ß-lactamase positivity of 33%. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species were found in 14% (29/208). Amputations were performed in 126/455 (28%) patients, 44/126 (34%) of these were major amputations. In multivariate analysis, significant predictors for limb loss were, male gender (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.04-2.96, p 0.034), duration of diabetes >20 years (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.18-3.11, p 0.008), infected ulcer versus cellulitis (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.11-3.18, p 0.019), history of peripheral vascular disease (OR 2, 95% CI 1.26-3.27, p 0.004), retinopathy (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.19-4.25, p 0.012), erythrocyte sedimentation rate >70 mm/hr (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.01-2.68, p 0.05), and infection with GNR (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.08-3.02, p 0.02). Multivariate analysis revealed that, besides the known risk factors such as male gender, duration of diabetes >20 years, infected ulcers, history of peripheral vascular disease and retinopathy, detection of GNR was a significant predictor of limb loss.

First isolation of Mycobacterium spp. in Mullus spp. in Turkey.

Ichthyozoonotic Mycobacterium spp. poses health risks both to fish and humans. In this study, the presence of ichthyozoonotic Mycobacterium spp. was investigated in red mullet (Mullus barbatus barbatus) and surmullet (Mullus surmuletus), widely caught species in the Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea. A total of 208 fish samples, provided from fishermen of Mersin province (Turkey) were studied. Using conventional methods, Mycobacterium spp. was isolated and identified at the genus level by PCR and at the species level by PCR-RFLP. Thirteen Mycobacterium spp. were detected in 13 (6.25%) fish samples. Four mycobacteria were identified as M. genavense, three as M. fortuitum, three as M. scrofulaceum, one as M. marinum, one as M. vaccae and one as M. aurum. No signs of mycobacteriosis were observed in fish samples. Findings of this study can contribute to future studies of onichthyozoonotic Mycobacterium spp. in seafood.

New laryngoscope for endoscopic arytenoidectomies.

OBJECTIVE: During an endoscopic arytenoidectomy, an intubation tube must be elevated anteriorly with the laryngoscope to ensure an adequate surgical field. This paper describes a new laryngoscope that has a canal along the outer wall of the body and a ridge which runs along the canal. METHOD: Ten patients underwent endoscopic total arytenoidectomy using this new laryngoscope and 10 patients underwent the same operation using a regular laryngoscope. RESULTS: The duration of all operations ranged between 25 and 65 minutes, with a median duration of 42.5 minutes. The median duration with the new laryngoscope was 39 minutes, and that with the regular laryngoscope was 49 minutes; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This new laryngoscope shortened the duration of the endoscopic arytenoidectomy and facilitated the procedure by enlarging the surgical field. This new laryngoscope may be a beneficial surgical instrument for posterior endoscopic laryngeal operations.

Subnormothermic machine perfusion for ex vivo preservation and recovery of the human liver for transplantation.

To reduce widespread shortages, attempts are made to use more marginal livers for transplantation. Many of these grafts are discarded for fear of inferior survival rates or biliary complications. Recent advances in organ preservation have shown that ex vivo subnormothermic machine perfusion has the potential to improve preservation and recover marginal livers pretransplantation. To determine the feasibility in human livers, we assessed the effect of 3 h of oxygenated subnormothermic machine perfusion (21°C) on seven livers discarded for transplantation. Biochemical and microscopic assessment revealed minimal injury sustained during perfusion. Improved oxygen uptake (1.30 [1.11-1.94] to 6.74 [4.15-8.16] mL O2 /min kg liver), lactate levels (4.04 [3.70-5.99] to 2.29 [1.20-3.43] mmol/L) and adenosine triphosphate content (45.0 [70.6-87.5] pmol/mg preperfusion to 167.5 [151.5-237.2] pmol/mg after perfusion) were observed. Liver function, reflected by urea, albumin and bile production, was seen during perfusion. Bile production increased and the composition of bile (bile salts/phospholipid ratio, pH and bicarbonate concentration) became more favorable. In conclusion, ex vivo subnormothermic machine perfusion effectively maintains liver function with minimal injury and sustains or improves various hepatobiliary parameters postischemia.

Comparison of colistin-carbapenem, colistin-sulbactam, and colistin plus other antibacterial agents for the treatment of extremely drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections.

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the efficacy of colistin-based therapies in extremely drug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. bloodstream infections (XDR-ABSI). A retrospective study was conducted in 27 tertiary-care centers from January 2009 to August 2012. The primary end-point was 14-day survival, and the secondary end-points were clinical and microbiological outcomes. Thirty-six and 214 patients [102 (47.7%): colistin-carbapenem (CC), 69 (32.2%): colistin-sulbactam (CS), and 43 (20.1%: tigecycline): colistin with other agent (CO)] received colistin monotherapy and colistin-based combinations, respectively. Rates of complete response/cure and 14-day survival were relatively higher, and microbiological eradication was significantly higher in the combination group. Also, the in-hospital mortality rate was significantly lower in the combination group. No significant difference was found in the clinical (p = 0.97) and microbiological (p = 0.92) outcomes and 14-day survival rates (p = 0.79) between the three combination groups. Neither the timing of initial effective treatment nor the presence of any concomitant infection was significant between the three groups (p > 0.05) and also for 14-day survival (p > 0.05). Higher Pitt bacteremia score (PBS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and prolonged hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay before XDR-ABSI were significant risk factors for 14-day mortality (p = 0.02, p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001, p = 0.02, and p = 0.01, respectively). In the multivariable analysis, PBS, age, and duration of ICU stay were independent risk factors for 14-day mortality (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.001, respectively). Colistin-based combination therapy resulted in significantly higher microbiological eradication rates, relatively higher cure and 14-day survival rates, and lower in-hospital mortality compared to colistin monotherapy. CC, CS, and CO combinations for XDR-ABSI did not reveal significant differences with respect to 14-day survival and clinical or microbiological outcome before and after propensity score matching (PSM). PBS, age, and length of ICU stay were independent risk factors for 14-day mortality.

The multidisciplinary management of a fused maxillary central incisor with a talon cusp.

BACKGROUND: A fused maxillary incisor required complex multidisciplinary treatment to preserve health and restore aesthetics. This report presents a rare case of a dental fusion between the maxillary right central incisor and a supernumerary tooth of a 9-year-old male patient with the chief complaint of the presence of a large anterior tooth. METHODS: Radiographic investigation and computerized tomography indicated there was no connection between pulp chambers. After dividing the crown with a diamond bur, the supernumerary tooth was removed and the diastema between the maxillary central incisors was closed by orthodontic treatment. The tooth was then restored with composite resin. RESULTS: The maxillary right central incisor was still healthy after a follow-up examination period of 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: A multidisciplinary approach with the cooperation of different practitioners can contribute to the success of a treatment plan.

Infliximab, a TNF-α antagonist treatment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: the impact on depression, anxiety and quality of life level.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of infliximab on depression, anxiety and quality of life in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In this 6-week longitudinal study, 16 patients with AS were assessed. Active disease as defined by BASDAI ≥4.0 was sought for inclusion. Infliximab was administered 5 mg/kg at 0, 2 weeks and 6 weeks. Collected data included age, sex and date of onset of rheumatologic disease. Activity of disease was measured using Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Biological activity was evaluated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). ESR and CRP were assessed at baseline and day 42. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used to evaluate anxiety, depression and quality of life. BASDAI, SF-36, HADS and BDE were assessed prior to the initial infliximab dose and at 2nd, 14th and 42nd day. Seven (43.8%) AS patients had depression scores above the cut off value for both the HADS depression (HADS-D) and BDI and 4 (25 %) had high HADS anxiety scores at baseline. Significant time effect for BDI and HADS-D scores were observed. Although significantly lower BDI scores were found after first, second and third infusions of infliximab, compared to initial score, the significant decrease in HADS-D appeared after second and third infusions. A significant time effect for HADS-anxiety scores were found as well. All of the subscales of SF-36 improved significantly during the course, with an exception of role emotional, for which the difference approached to the significance. The change in BASDAI scores and CRP and ESR, in the treatment process, were not correlated with the change in depression and anxiety scores. Infliximab which is an anti-TNF-α drug, may be effective in the treatment of depression accompanying AS. Possible implications for the treatment of major depressive disorder were discussed, as well.